The Holy Quran is the greatest book known by the human, as these are the words of Allah in writing and speaking, and it is the only book that its lineage goes back to God Almighty, Lord of the heavens and the earth. It is the book that cannot be distorted or changed as God has kept it preserved. The Quran has reached us through something called (Tawatur), which means it was transmitted by so many people who have memorized the Quran correctly to another very large number of people who have also memorized the Quran correctly, and it is impossible for all of them agreeing to lie. So (Tawatur) is like all people seeing the sun, so one of them cannot lie and say I do not see the sun, thas is how the Quran was transmitted to us. Thanks to God that the Quran has been preserved for us until the Day of Judgment.
As for the Surahs of the Quran, which are 114 Surahs, they are distributed between Meccan Surahs and Medinan Surahs according to the event of the Prophet’s migration. The Meccan Quran is what was revealed before the migration, and it does not matter where it was revealed, and the Medinan Quran is that was revealed after the migration, and it does not matter where it was revealed. Number of Meccan Surahs is 82 Surahs, number of Medinan surahs is 20, and there are 12 surahs that scholars disagreed as to whether they are Meccan or Medinan, and they are: “Al-Fatihah, Al-Ra’d, Al-Mutaffifin, Al-Qadr, Al-Bayyinah, Al-Zalzalah, Al-Rahman, Al-Saff, Al-Taghabun, Al-Ikhlas, Al-Falaq, and Al-Nas.”
As for the features of the Meccan Quran, they vary from the Medinan Quran in styles or topics.
1- Its verses are short and the style is rough because it directs the speech towards non-Muslims who deny the truth and for what they do, such as burying young girls alive and taking the money of orphans, etc.
2- The Meccan surahs talk about belief, monotheism, the Day of Resurrection, punishment, reward, Heaven and Hell.
3- They often talk about the stories of the prophets and previous nations and also talk about the wrong deeds of the polytheists
4- They often begin with (O people..Ya Ayoha Alnas) as they speak to all people, Muslims and non-Muslims.
5- Each surah that includes the story of Adam and Satan is Meccan except for Surat Al-Baqarah.
1- Its verses are long and the style is gentle because most of the addressees know God like Muslims or People of the Book
2- It often has the call (O you who believe..Ya ayoha al lazina a’manoo).
3- The verses of the Medinan Quran talk about acts of worship such as prayer, zakat, fasting, Hajj, jihad, war, peace, marriage, divorce and transactions in general.
4- It addresses the People of the Book, Jews, and Christians, and calls them to Islam in a soft way.
5- The Medinan Quran is also characterized by its long Surahs, such as Surat Al-Baqarah and others
6- All the Medinan Surahs talk about the hypocrites, their danger, their psychology, and warnings against them, except for Surat Al-Ankabut.
Anyways! The Great Quran strengthens the heart of whoever reads or learns it. It is a strong reason for improving your life for the better as long as your intention is sincere to God and you read it As the Prophet, the Companions, and the early Muslims did.
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